Scottish clan
Clan Cameron
Gaelic name Na Camshronaich
A Lochaber clan whose chiefs are styled Lochiel and whose seat is Achnacarry. The origin of the chiefly family is uncertain, and the clan's long feud with the Mackintoshes of Clan Chattan runs through its history. The Clan Cameron Association gives the chief as Donald Cameron of Lochiel and numbers him XXVII, while Wikipedia calls the present chief the 28th.
No photograph is held for this record.
- Region
- Lochaber
- Historic seat
- Achnacarry
- Motto
- Aonaibh Ri Chèile
- Linked tartans
- 0
- Linked surnames
- 0
- Recorded septs
- 7
- Evidence level
- B
Overview
Clan Cameron (Gaelic Na Camshronaich) is a Lochaber clan. The motto, as Wikipedia gives it, is Aonaibh Ri Chèile, 'let us unite', and the plant badge it names is crowberry or oak. The chief is customarily called Lochiel and the seat is Achnacarry, with Tor Castle as the older seat in Wikipedia's account.
The clan association and Wikipedia number the present chief differently, XXVII and 28th, so no number is given here as settled.
The Clan Cameron Association says it has been the modern-day representation of the clan since the late nineteenth century and is supported by its hereditary chief, Donald Cameron of Lochiel, whom it numbers XXVII.
Origins
Wikipedia says the origin of the chiefly family is uncertain and sets out three ideas: a legendary descent from Banquo, a nickname meaning 'crooked nose' borne by an early chief, and a descent from the Camerons or Cambruns of Ballegarno in Fife. It calls the first a fanciful legend and records no document for any of them.
The association's own pages read here do not offer an origin account. Its sept page does say that the Chalmers and Chambers names are said to come from a Cameron who served in France, which is a tradition the page itself reports.
Development
The best-known thread is the feud with the Mackintoshes of Clan Chattan over Lochaber lands. Wikipedia places its first recorded battle at Drumlui in 1337, mentions Invernahavon in 1370 and ends it with a standoff at the Fords of Arkaig in 1665. The Macphersons, part of Clan Chattan, appear on the other side at Invernahavon in Clan Macpherson's account, which says the Camerons were defeated there. The association's list gives that battle as 1370 or 1387 and also lists a Raid on Ross in 1491, naming it without detail; for the clan of that region see Clan Ross.
In the Jacobite rising Wikipedia says Lochiel, Gentle Lochiel, brought the clan out in 1745 and fled to France after Culloden. The house at Achnacarry built about 1655 was burned afterwards and a new mansion was built in 1802.
The association's list of battles also gives the Battle of Harlaw in 1411, Inverlochy in 1431, Corpach in 1439, the Rebellion of Donald Dubh in 1503, Flodden in 1513, Glenlivet in 1594, Killiecrankie in 1689, Sheriffmuir in 1715 and Glenshiel in 1719, and dates the Battle of Culloden to 16 April 1746. It gives names and dates only, so which side the clan took in each, and in what numbers, is not established here. The association's genealogy pages offer immigration records for Camerons who went to North America between 1730 and 1920 and a study of Cameron and MacPhee marriages in Lochaber from 1802 to 1875.
The association's sept page lists several hundred affiliated names and spellings, many with a named place such as MacPhee of Glendessary, MacMillan of Murlaggan and Caillich, MacKenzie of Onich and Ballachulish, and Kennedy of Lianachan.
Tartans
No Cameron tartan is held as a record on this site because the register threadcounts could not be read from an open primary source. Wikipedia lists several: Cameron of Erracht, which it says began as the 79th Regiment's tartan, a basic Clan Cameron, Cameron of Lochiel and a hunting Cameron, and says a Cameron tartan was published in the Vestiarium Scoticum in 1845. Those are Wikipedia's statements and the register entries were not checked.
Septs
The association's list is the longest of any clan added here and includes place-qualified entries. Seven are recorded as uncertain links on the association's list alone: Stronach, which it says is taken from the Camerons of Strone, MacPhee of Glendessary, MacMillan of Murlaggan and Caillich, MacLachlan of Coruanan, Kennedy of Lianachan, Chalmers and Clark. The association notes that Clark and its variants are also claimed by Clan Chattan, more specifically the Mackintoshes. It says anyone bearing one of its names is entitled to join; the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs says each chief decides who is a sept and that there is no central register.
Check before repeating
Misconceptions
The Banquo descent is a legend and Wikipedia says so. A person named Cameron, Clark or MacMillan is not shown by these sources to descend from the chiefly line. The Mackintosh feud was not one unbroken war for three centuries: Wikipedia gives its length as both about 300 years and 328 years, and its start and end are single dated events.
Who can wear
The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs says there are no strict rules on who may wear a tartan and that wearing a clan tartan signals allegiance to the chief. The Clan Cameron Association says Camerons, people of Cameron ancestry and people from the sept families may join, which is an invitation to the association and not a rule about tartan.
Not established
What the record does not show
No document for the chiefly family's origin was seen, and the difference between XXVII and 28th is unexplained. Accounts of the battles on the association's list were not read, only the names and dates. The tartans, their dates and register entries were not read. The sept list is the association's own and was not compared with Scots Kith and Kin or any other source.
Surnames and septs
No Cameron surname page is published on this site yet; it would need an independently sourced account of the name's origin before it can pass the indexability gate. The septs above are the association's affiliations, recorded as uncertain.
Historical notes
The Clan Cameron Association says it has been the modern-day representation of the clan since the late nineteenth century and is supported by its hereditary chief, Donald Cameron of Lochiel, whom it numbers XXVII. Wikipedia numbers the present chief, Donald Andrew Cameron, Baron Cameron of Lochiel, as the 28th. The two numberings differ and the reason is not given in the pages read.
Wikipedia says the origin of the chiefly family is uncertain. It mentions a legend linking them to Banquo, Thane of Lochaber, a possible Gaelic nickname meaning crooked nose for the first chief, and a theory favoured by Moncreiffe linking them to the Cameron or Cambrun family of Ballegarno in Fife. None of the three is documented in the pages read.
Evidence level D. Sources: [2]
Wikipedia dates the start of the feud with the Mackintoshes of Clan Chattan to a first recorded battle at Drumlui in 1337, with Invernahavon in 1370, and says it ended with a standoff at the Fords of Arkaig in 1665, a span it gives as about 300 years in one place and as 328 years in another. The association's list of battles gives Invernahavon as 1370 or 1387.
The association's list of the clan's battles runs from Bannockburn in 1314 to Culloden in 1746 and includes Harlaw in 1411, Inverlochy in 1431 and 1645, a Raid on Ross in 1491, the Rebellion of Donald Dubh in 1503, Killiecrankie in 1689 and Prestonpans in 1745.
Evidence level C. Sources: [3]
Wikipedia says Donald Cameron of Lochiel, known as Gentle Lochiel, met Charles Edward Stuart in 1745 and pledged the clan's support, was wounded after Culloden, escaped to France and died there in October 1748. It says the first Achnacarry house was built around 1655, burned by government forces after Culloden and replaced by a mansion in 1802.
Evidence level D. Sources: [2]
The association's sept page lists several hundred affiliated names and spellings, many with a named place such as MacPhee of Glendessary, MacMillan of Murlaggan and Caillich, MacKenzie of Onich and Ballachulish, and Kennedy of Lianachan. It says anyone bearing one, or descended from someone who did, is part of the clan and entitled to join, and that many names are not in the standard sept list.
Evidence level B. Sources: [4]
Septs and associated names
Sept lists differ between clan societies and older sources. Each name below carries the confidence this site can support.
- Stronach
- MacPhee
- MacMillan
- MacLachlan
- Kennedy
- Chalmers
- Clark
- Uncertain
- Reported, but the sources are weak or disagree.